What is…? 800+ Abbreviations
What Are Abbreviations? A Fun and Simple Guide to Shortened Words
Have you ever been texting with a friend and seen “LOL” or “BRB” pop up and instantly known what they meant? Or perhaps you’ve been reading an article and come across an acronym like “NASA” or “FEMA.” These little shortcuts are everywhere, and they’re a huge part of how we communicate today. But what exactly are they, and how do we use them correctly?
The simple answer is that an abbreviation is any shortened form of a word or phrase. Think of it as a quick and easy way to say something longer, saving both time and space. While the term “abbreviation” is often used as a catch-all for all types of shortened words, there are a few key categories that have their own special names and rules. Let’s break down the world of abbreviations.
The Family Tree: Understanding the Different Types
It’s easy to get confused by the different kinds of abbreviations, but once you know the rules, it’s as simple as A-B-C! The two most common types are acronyms and initialisms, and the difference lies in how you say them.
Acronyms
An acronym is a type of abbreviation that is formed from the first letter of each word in a phrase, but here’s the key: it’s pronounced as a single word. They become so common that we often forget they’re even abbreviations.
- NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) – You don’t say “N-A-S-A,” you say “nah-sah.”
- SCUBA (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) – We pronounce it “skoo-bah.”
- LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) – This one is so common it’s not even capitalized anymore.
Initialisms
An initialism is also formed from the first letters of words in a phrase, but unlike an acronym, you pronounce each letter individually.
- FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) – You say “F-B-I,” not “fib-ee.”
- USA (United States of America) – You say “U-S-A.”
- URL (Uniform Resource Locator) – We say “U-R-L,” not “url.”
Other Common Forms
The abbreviation family is a bit bigger than just acronyms and initialisms. Here are a few other types you encounter every day:
- Contractions: These are words where some letters are removed from the middle and an apostrophe takes their place. Examples include don’t (do not) and can’t (cannot).
- Clipped Words/Shortenings: This is when a word is shortened by removing the beginning or end. Think of ad for advertisement, info for information, or lab for laboratory.
- Symbols: Some symbols are used as a way to abbreviate a full word. The ampersand (&) is a classic example, standing in for “and.”
A Quick Trip Through Time: The History of Abbreviations
The idea of shortening words isn’t new; in fact, it’s thousands of years old! In ancient Roman times, abbreviations were commonly carved into stone monuments and used in official documents to save space and effort. A famous example is SPQR, which stands for Senātus Populusque Rōmānus (The Senate and People of Rome).
During the Middle Ages, monks and scribes used abbreviations extensively to save time and parchment when copying manuscripts by hand. As printing became more widespread, so did standardized abbreviations. The 20th century, however, brought about an explosion of new abbreviations with the rise of technology and organizations. The need for quick communication in military, scientific, and business fields gave birth to countless new acronyms and initialisms, from RADAR to NATO.
More recently, the internet and mobile phones have made abbreviations an essential part of our daily lives. The 160-character limit of early text messages and the fast-paced nature of social media led to the creation of a whole new set of abbreviations, affectionately called “text-speak.”
The Big Question: Why Do We Even Use Them?
This brings us to the most important question: what’s the point of all this shortening? The answer is simple: efficiency. We use abbreviations because they are:
- Time-saving: It’s much faster to say “ASAP” than “as soon as possible.”
- Space-saving: In headlines, tweets, or on small screens, abbreviations allow us to convey more information.
- Professional: In specific industries like medicine (ER, MRI) or the military (AWOL), abbreviations provide a common, clear language that’s understood by everyone in the field.
- Convenient: In informal settings like texting or chat, they make conversations quicker and more casual.
Mastering the Lingo: A Cheat Sheet for Common Abbreviations
To help you navigate the world of abbreviations, here’s a handy list of some of the most common ones you’ll encounter.
For Texting & Social Media
- LOL: Laughing Out Loud
- OMG: Oh My God
- IMO: In My Opinion
- BRB: Be Right Back
- IDK: I Don’t Know
- ICYMI: In Case You Missed It
- FYI: For Your Information
- TL;DR: Too Long; Didn’t Read
For Business & Professional Use
- ASAP: As Soon As Possible
- B2B: Business-to-Business
- CEO: Chief Executive Officer
- EOD: End of Day
- ETA: Estimated Time of Arrival
- KPI: Key Performance Indicator
- ROI: Return on Investment
For Everyday Life
- RSVP: Répondez s’il vous plaît (French for “Please Respond”)
- e.g.: exempli gratia (Latin for “for example”)
- i.e.: id est (Latin for “that is”)
- etc.: et cetera (Latin for “and so on”)
- Mr./Ms./Dr.: Mister/Miss/Doctor
The Do’s and Don’ts: Using Abbreviations Correctly
Even though they’re everywhere, abbreviations still have some rules, especially in formal writing.
- Introduce Them First: In formal documents, always spell out the full term the first time you use it, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses. For example: “The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is responding to the storm. FEMA has set up a shelter…”
- Consistency is Key: Decide on a style and stick with it. Do you use periods (U.S.A.) or not (USA)? Either is fine, as long as you’re consistent throughout your writing.
- Know Your Audience: A quick FYI or LOL might be great for a text to a friend, but it’s not a good fit for an email to your boss. Always consider who you’re talking to and in what context.
Conclusion
Abbreviations are more than just linguistic shortcuts; they’re a fascinating and evolving part of our language. From ancient stone carvings to modern-day text messages, they’ve always served the same purpose: to make communication more efficient. By understanding the different types and knowing how to use them correctly, you’re not just saving time—you’re mastering a key part of the modern English language. So go forth and abbreviate wisely!
800+Abbreviations see below
| Sl. No | Abbreviation | Full Form / Meaning | Short Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What is AI | Artificial Intelligence | Artificial Intelligence (AI) is when computers or machines are designed to mimic human intelligence—learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. It powers things like chatbots, voice assistants, self-driving cars, and predictive systems that make life easier and businesses more efficient. |
| 2 | What is IoT | Internet of Things | The Internet of Things connects everyday devices—like smart lights, fitness trackers, and appliances—to the internet so they can collect and share data. It helps homes become smarter, factories more efficient, and healthcare more personalized. |
| 3 | What is DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid | DNA is the molecule that carries genetic information in all living things. It acts like a biological instruction manual, guiding how organisms grow, function, and pass traits to the next generation. |
| 4 | What is CPU | Central Processing Unit | Often called the “brain” of the computer, the CPU handles calculations and instructions that let your system run programs, browse the web, or play games smoothly. |
| 5 | What is HTTP | Hypertext Transfer Protocol | HTTP is the basic protocol that allows your browser and websites to talk to each other. Whenever you open a webpage, HTTP makes sure the information reaches you correctly. |
| 6 | What is WHO | World Health Organization | WHO is a UN agency that looks after global health. It helps countries fight diseases, sets health standards, and provides guidance during health emergencies like pandemics. |
| 7 | What is GPS | Global Positioning System | GPS uses satellites to tell you exactly where you are on Earth. It’s what powers Google Maps, helps pilots and sailors navigate, and even supports farming and rescue missions. |
| 8 | What is LED | Light Emitting Diode | An LED is a tiny light source that glows when electricity passes through it. They’re energy-saving, long-lasting, and used everywhere—from TVs and bulbs to car headlights. |
| 9 | What is NGO | Non-Governmental Organization | NGOs are independent organizations that work for social, environmental, or humanitarian causes. From child welfare to disaster relief, they help communities in meaningful ways. |
| 10 | What is GDP | Gross Domestic Product | GDP is the total value of all goods and services a country produces in a year. Think of it as a scorecard showing how healthy and strong a country’s economy is. |
| 11 | What is VPN | Virtual Private Network | A VPN creates a secure and private connection when you’re online. It hides your browsing activity, protects sensitive data, and lets you access region-blocked content safely. |
| 12 | What is ML | Machine Learning | Machine Learning is a branch of AI where computers learn from data without being directly programmed. It powers things like Netflix recommendations, spam filters, and voice recognition. |
| 13 | What is USB | Universal Serial Bus | USB is a standard way to connect gadgets to computers—whether it’s transferring files from a pen drive, charging your phone, or plugging in a keyboard. |
| 14 | What is ERP | Enterprise Resource Planning | ERP is business software that connects all departments—finance, HR, supply chain—into one system. It helps companies save time, reduce errors, and make smarter decisions. |
| 15 | What is RAM | Random Access Memory | RAM is temporary memory that stores data your computer needs right now. The more RAM you have, the faster your computer can run multiple apps without slowing down. |
| 16 | What is SQL | Structured Query Language | SQL is a language used to manage and query databases. It helps businesses organize large amounts of data, like customer info or sales records, in an efficient way. |
| 17 | What is MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | MRI is a medical scanning technique that uses magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the body. Doctors use it to diagnose issues in the brain, spine, and joints. |
| 18 | What is URL | Uniform Resource Locator | A URL is simply a web address. It’s the link you type into a browser—like www.example.com—to open a specific site or file online. |
| 19 | What is ATM | Automated Teller Machine | ATMs are machines that let you withdraw or deposit money without going inside the bank. They’re open 24/7 and make banking super convenient. |
| 20 | What is UNICEF | United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund | UNICEF works across the globe to protect children’s rights, provide education, healthcare, and emergency aid in times of crisis. |
| 21 | What is R&D | Research and Development | R&D is all about experimenting and innovating to create new products or improve existing ones. It keeps companies competitive and brings fresh ideas into the market. |
| 22 | What is API | Application Programming Interface | An API is like a bridge that lets two apps talk to each other. For example, when you use a travel app that shows Google Maps, that’s an API in action. |
| 23 | What is LAN | Local Area Network | A LAN is a small network that connects computers in one location—like an office, school, or home—so they can share files and resources. |
| 24 | What is CAD | Computer-Aided Design | CAD software helps engineers, architects, and designers create precise digital drawings. It’s used in everything from buildings to car designs. |
| 25 | What is IoE | Internet of Everything | IoE takes IoT a step further by connecting not just devices but also people, processes, and data, creating smarter systems in industries like healthcare and manufacturing. |
| 26 | What is SSL | Secure Sockets Layer | SSL is a security technology that encrypts the connection between your browser and a website. That little padlock you see next to a website address means SSL is protecting your data. |
| 27 | What is Wi-Fi | Wireless Fidelity | Wi-Fi is the technology that lets you connect to the internet without wires. From streaming movies to video calls, Wi-Fi keeps our digital lives running smoothly. |
| 28 | What is MBA | Master of Business Administration | An MBA is a professional degree that focuses on leadership, strategy, and business management. It’s popular with people aiming for management or entrepreneurial careers. |
| 29 | What is SEO | Search Engine Optimization | SEO is the art of making websites rank higher on Google and other search engines. It helps businesses get noticed online and attract more visitors. |
| 30 | What is CCTV | Closed-Circuit Television | CCTV uses cameras to monitor and record activities for security purposes. You’ll find them in shops, streets, and offices to help prevent crime and ensure safety. |
| 31 | What is PDF | Portable Document Format | PDF is a file format that keeps documents looking the same no matter where you open them. It’s widely used for resumes, forms, and official reports. |
| 32 | What is HRM | Human Resource Management | HRM is about managing people at work—hiring, training, paying salaries, and keeping employees motivated. It’s key to building a strong workforce. |
| 33 | What is GUI | Graphical User Interface | A GUI lets you interact with computers using icons, buttons, and windows instead of typing commands. It makes technology much more user-friendly. |
| 34 | What is DNS | Domain Name System | DNS acts like the internet’s phonebook—it translates website names (like google.com) into the IP addresses computers use to find each other. |
| 35 | What is EV | Electric Vehicle | An EV is a car or bike that runs on electricity instead of petrol or diesel. They’re eco-friendly, cost-efficient, and the future of transportation. |
| 36 | What is BIM | Building Information Modeling | BIM is digital modeling for buildings. It helps architects, engineers, and contractors design and manage projects with accuracy and collaboration. |
| 37 | What is KPI | Key Performance Indicator | KPIs are measurable goals that show how well a person, project, or company is doing. For example, sales growth or customer satisfaction can be KPIs. |
| 38 | What is NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | NASA is the U.S. space agency known for space missions, satellite launches, and groundbreaking research about Earth and the universe. |
| 39 | What is CSR | Corporate Social Responsibility | CSR is when companies take responsibility for their impact on society—like supporting communities, going green, or helping with education projects. |
| 40 | What is ISO | International Organization for Standardization | ISO creates global standards to ensure products and services are safe, reliable, and high quality—everything from food safety to tech protocols. |
| 41 | What is AIIMS | All India Institute of Medical Sciences | AIIMS is India’s top group of medical universities and hospitals, famous for world-class education, research, and affordable healthcare. |
| 42 | What is RFID | Radio-Frequency Identification | RFID uses radio waves to identify and track tags attached to items. It’s commonly used in toll collection, inventory management, and access cards. |
| 43 | What is GDPPC | Gross Domestic Product Per Capita | GDP per capita is the average economic output per person in a country. It’s a simple way to compare living standards across nations. |
| 44 | What is NGOO | Non-Governmental Outreach Organization | These NGOs focus mainly on outreach—like raising awareness, providing education, or delivering aid to people in need. |
| 45 | What is AIoT | Artificial Intelligence of Things | AIoT is when artificial intelligence meets IoT. It makes smart devices even smarter by letting them learn, adapt, and make decisions on their own. |
| 46 | What is LTE | Long-Term Evolution | LTE is the technology behind 4G mobile internet. It lets you stream videos, browse fast, and make crystal-clear video calls on your phone. |
| 47 | What is SQLI | SQL Injection | SQL Injection is a type of cyberattack where hackers trick a database into revealing or changing data by inserting malicious code. |
| 48 | What is TDS | Tax Deducted at Source | TDS is a way the government collects income tax upfront. A portion of your income—like salary or rent—is deducted before you receive it. |
| 49 | What is GIS | Geographic Information System | GIS is software that helps analyze and visualize maps and spatial data. It’s used in city planning, disaster response, and environmental research. |
| 50 | What is EMI | Equated Monthly Installment | EMI is a fixed amount you pay every month to repay a loan. It makes big purchases like homes and cars more affordable by spreading payments over time. |
| 51 | What is WAN | Wide Area Network | WAN covers large geographical areas, linking multiple LANs. The internet is the biggest example of a WAN. |
| 52 | What is OTP | One-Time Password | OTP is a short-lived code sent to your phone or email for secure logins and transactions. It protects against unauthorized access. |
| 53 | What is CAM | Computer-Aided Manufacturing | CAM uses software and machines to automate manufacturing processes, improving accuracy and reducing manual effort. |
| 54 | What is SMS | Short Message Service | SMS is the standard text messaging service on mobile phones. Even in the age of WhatsApp, SMS remains important for alerts and OTPs. |
| 55 | What is IVR | Interactive Voice Response | IVR is the automated phone system that guides you through menu options when you call customer care. It saves time and directs you to the right department. |
| 56 | What is BPO | Business Process Outsourcing | BPO is when companies outsource tasks like customer support or data entry to external service providers for efficiency and cost savings. |
| 57 | What is PCB | Printed Circuit Board | PCB is the green board you see inside gadgets. It connects electronic components so devices can function properly. |
| 58 | What is ATM (Banking) | Automated Teller Machine | ATM is a cash machine that lets you withdraw, deposit, or check balances anytime, without visiting a bank branch. |
| 59 | What is OLED | Organic Light Emitting Diode | OLED is a display technology known for deep blacks and vibrant colors, used in high-end smartphones and TVs. |
| 60 | What is PAN (India) | Permanent Account Number | PAN is a 10-digit alphanumeric code used in India for tax-related identification. It’s essential for financial transactions. |
| 61 | What is GST | Goods and Services Tax | GST is India’s unified tax system, replacing multiple indirect taxes. It simplifies taxation and makes trade easier. |
| 62 | What is IRCTC | Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation | IRCTC manages online railway ticket booking, catering, and tourism for Indian Railways. |
| 63 | What is HTTPS | Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure | HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP. It encrypts communication between your browser and a website for safe browsing. |
| 64 | What is UPS | Uninterruptible Power Supply | UPS provides backup power during outages, protecting computers and other electronics from sudden shutdowns. |
| 65 | What is CNC | Computer Numerical Control | CNC machines use computer programming to cut, shape, and build products with high precision. They’re common in modern manufacturing. |
| 66 | What is TCS | Tata Consultancy Services | TCS is a leading Indian IT services company, known for software development, consulting, and global outsourcing. |
| 67 | What is NLP | Natural Language Processing | NLP allows computers to understand and respond to human language, powering tools like translation apps and voice assistants. |
| 68 | What is BIOS | Basic Input Output System | BIOS is the system firmware that starts up your computer and prepares it to load the operating system. |
| 69 | What is ASCII | American Standard Code for Information Interchange | ASCII is a character encoding standard that represents text in computers using numeric codes. |
| 70 | What is DBMS | Database Management System | DBMS is software that organizes, stores, and manages large amounts of structured data efficiently. |
| 71 | What is CRM | Customer Relationship Management | CRM systems help businesses manage customer interactions, track sales, and improve relationships with clients. |
| 72 | What is MIS | Management Information System | MIS provides managers with information to make informed decisions by analyzing business data and operations. |
| 73 | What is ROI | Return on Investment | ROI measures profitability by comparing the gain from an investment to its cost, often expressed as a percentage. |
| 74 | What is IPO | Initial Public Offering | IPO is when a private company first sells its shares to the public, raising capital through stock markets. |
| 75 | What is GNP | Gross National Product | GNP is similar to GDP but also includes income earned by residents from abroad, offering a broader view of economic activity. |
| 76 | What is FDI | Foreign Direct Investment | FDI occurs when overseas investors put money directly into businesses or infrastructure of another country. |
| 77 | What is UNESCO | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization | UNESCO promotes education, science, culture, and heritage preservation around the world. |
| 78 | What is IMF | International Monetary Fund | IMF supports global economic stability by providing financial aid, policy advice, and training to member countries. |
| 79 | What is WTO | World Trade Organization | WTO regulates global trade, ensuring fair practices, dispute resolution, and smoother international commerce. |
| 80 | What is ASEAN | Association of Southeast Asian Nations | ASEAN is a regional group of Southeast Asian countries that promotes economic growth, cultural development, and political cooperation. |
| 81 | What is SAARC | South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation | SAARC is an organization of South Asian countries working together on regional development, trade, and cultural exchange. |
| 82 | What is BRICS | Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa | BRICS is a group of five major emerging economies focused on cooperation in trade, finance, and global issues. |
| 83 | What is NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization | NATO is a military alliance of North American and European nations committed to collective defense and security. |
| 84 | What is OPEC | Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries | OPEC is a group of oil-producing nations that coordinate policies to stabilize global oil prices and supply. |
| 85 | What is EU | European Union | The EU is a political and economic union of European countries that promotes trade, free movement, and common laws. |
| 86 | What is UN | United Nations | The UN is an international organization founded in 1945 to maintain peace, security, human rights, and development worldwide. |
| 87 | What is ISRO | Indian Space Research Organisation | ISRO is India’s national space agency, famous for its cost-effective satellite launches and missions like Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan. |
| 88 | What is DRDO | Defence Research and Development Organisation | DRDO is India’s defense R&D body that develops advanced weapons, technology, and equipment for national security. |
| 89 | What is CSIR | Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | CSIR is India’s largest R&D organization, conducting scientific research across diverse fields like energy, health, and environment. |
| 90 | What is ICMR | Indian Council of Medical Research | ICMR is India’s top body for biomedical research, playing a vital role in public health studies and disease control. |
| 91 | What is RBI | Reserve Bank of India | RBI is India’s central bank, managing monetary policy, currency issuance, and financial stability. |
| 92 | What is SEBI | Securities and Exchange Board of India | SEBI regulates India’s securities market, ensuring investor protection and transparency in stock trading. |
| 93 | What is NABARD | National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development | NABARD supports rural development in India through credit, financial inclusion, and agricultural projects. |
| 94 | What is SIDBI | Small Industries Development Bank of India | SIDBI promotes and finances small-scale industries and startups to boost entrepreneurship and economic growth. |
| 95 | What is FSSAI | Food Safety and Standards Authority of India | FSSAI regulates food quality and safety in India, ensuring that what reaches consumers is safe to eat. |
| 96 | What is BIS | Bureau of Indian Standards | BIS sets quality standards for products in India, providing certifications like the ISI mark. |
| 97 | What is IRDAI | Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India | IRDAI regulates the insurance sector in India, protecting policyholders and ensuring fair practices. |
| 98 | What is PFRDA | Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority | PFRDA manages and regulates pension schemes like the National Pension System (NPS) in India. |
| 99 | What is NITI Aayog | National Institution for Transforming India | NITI Aayog is India’s policy think-tank, guiding government strategies for sustainable development and reforms. |
| 100 | What is CBI | Central Bureau of Investigation | CBI is India’s premier investigative agency handling corruption cases, economic crimes, and high-profile investigations. |
| 101 | What is RAW | Research and Analysis Wing | RAW is India’s external intelligence agency, focusing on national security and foreign intelligence gathering. |
| 102 | What is CRPF | Central Reserve Police Force | CRPF is India’s largest paramilitary force, responsible for maintaining law and order, especially in conflict areas. |
| 103 | What is BSF | Border Security Force | BSF guards India’s international borders, preventing infiltration and ensuring border security. |
| 104 | What is ITBP | Indo-Tibetan Border Police | ITBP is a paramilitary force guarding India’s border with China, also engaged in disaster relief and rescue operations. |
| 105 | What is CISF | Central Industrial Security Force | CISF protects India’s critical infrastructure like airports, metros, industries, and government buildings. |
| 106 | What is NDRF | National Disaster Response Force | NDRF is India’s specialized force for disaster management, handling earthquakes, floods, and rescue operations. |
| 107 | What is NTPC | National Thermal Power Corporation | NTPC is India’s largest power company, generating electricity primarily through coal, gas, and renewable sources. |
| 108 | What is BHEL | Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited | BHEL is a government-owned engineering and manufacturing company that produces power plant equipment and heavy machinery. |
| 109 | What is ONGC | Oil and Natural Gas Corporation | ONGC is India’s largest oil and gas company, engaged in exploration, production, and refining. |
| 110 | What is GAIL | Gas Authority of India Limited | GAIL is a public sector company that manages natural gas processing, transmission, and distribution in India. |
| 111 | What is SAIL | Steel Authority of India Limited | SAIL is one of India’s largest steel producers, supplying raw material for construction, infrastructure, and industries. |
| 112 | What is HAL | Hindustan Aeronautics Limited | HAL designs and manufactures aircraft, helicopters, and defense equipment for India’s armed forces. |
| 113 | What is BEL | Bharat Electronics Limited | BEL develops advanced electronics, including radars, communication systems, and defense equipment. |
| 114 | What is MTNL | Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited | MTNL provides telecom services in major Indian cities like Delhi and Mumbai. |
| 115 | What is BSNL | Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited | BSNL is a state-owned telecom company offering mobile, broadband, and landline services across India. |
| 116 | What is CAG | Comptroller and Auditor General of India | CAG audits government accounts to ensure transparency and proper use of public funds. |
| 117 | What is UPSC | Union Public Service Commission | UPSC conducts competitive exams in India, including the prestigious Civil Services Examination. |
| 118 | What is SSC | Staff Selection Commission | SSC conducts recruitment exams for various government jobs under the central government. |
| 119 | What is RRB | Railway Recruitment Board | RRB recruits staff for Indian Railways, one of the world’s largest railway networks. |
| 120 | What is IIT | Indian Institute of Technology | IITs are premier engineering and technology institutes in India, recognized worldwide for excellence. |
| 121 | What is IIM | Indian Institute of Management | IIMs are India’s top management schools offering MBA and business leadership programs. |
| 122 | What is NIT | National Institute of Technology | NITs are leading engineering institutes in India, second only to IITs in prestige. |
| 123 | What is UGC | University Grants Commission | UGC regulates higher education in India and provides recognition and funding to universities. |
| 124 | What is NAAC | National Assessment and Accreditation Council | NAAC assesses and accredits higher education institutions in India for quality assurance. |
| 125 | What is ICAR | Indian Council of Agricultural Research | ICAR coordinates agricultural education and research, improving farming techniques and productivity. |
| 126 | What is IGNOU | Indira Gandhi National Open University | IGNOU is the world’s largest open university, providing distance learning opportunities in India and abroad. |
| 127 | What is NCERT | National Council of Educational Research and Training | NCERT designs school textbooks and educational resources used widely across India. |
| 128 | What is CBSE | Central Board of Secondary Education | CBSE is one of India’s most popular school boards, known for its standardized curriculum and nationwide presence. |
| 129 | What is ICSE | Indian Certificate of Secondary Education | ICSE is a private school board in India offering a detailed curriculum with a strong focus on English. |
| 130 | What is AICTE | All India Council for Technical Education | AICTE regulates technical and management education in India, ensuring quality and uniformity. |
| 131 | What is NIOS | National Institute of Open Schooling | NIOS provides flexible education for school-level students through distance learning and open schooling. |
| 132 | What is CS | Company Secretary | A CS is a professional responsible for company law compliance, corporate governance, and legal documentation. |
| 133 | What is CA | Chartered Accountant | A CA is an accounting professional specializing in auditing, taxation, and financial management. |
| 134 | What is CMA | Cost and Management Accountant | A CMA manages financial planning, cost accounting, and decision-making to improve organizational efficiency. |
| 135 | What is BBA | Bachelor of Business Administration | BBA is an undergraduate program that introduces students to business, management, and entrepreneurship. |
| 136 | What is MBBS | Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery | MBBS is the basic medical degree required to practice as a doctor in India and many other countries. |
| 137 | What is BDS | Bachelor of Dental Surgery | BDS is the professional degree program required to become a dentist. |
| 138 | What is BSc | Bachelor of Science | BSc is an undergraduate degree focusing on science subjects like physics, chemistry, biology, and math. |
| 139 | What is MSc | Master of Science | MSc is a postgraduate program offering advanced knowledge and research opportunities in scientific fields. |
| 140 | What is BA | Bachelor of Arts | BA is an undergraduate degree in subjects like literature, history, political science, and social sciences. |
| 141 | What is MA | Master of Arts | MA is a postgraduate degree that provides specialized knowledge in humanities and social sciences. |
| 142 | What is PhD | Doctor of Philosophy | PhD is the highest academic degree awarded for advanced research in a specialized subject. |
| 143 | What is LLB | Bachelor of Laws (Legum Baccalaureus) | LLB is a professional law degree that qualifies students to practice as lawyers. |
| 144 | What is LLM | Master of Laws | LLM is an advanced law degree focusing on specialized legal fields such as corporate, international, or constitutional law. |
| 145 | What is LCD | Liquid Crystal Display | LCD is a flat-panel display technology used in monitors, TVs, and digital devices. |
| 146 | What is IP | Internet Protocol | IP is a set of rules that governs how data is sent and received over the internet or networks. |
| 147 | What is HTML | HyperText Markup Language | HTML is the standard coding language used to create and structure web pages. |
| 148 | What is CSS | Cascading Style Sheets | CSS is used to style and design web pages, controlling fonts, colors, layouts, and spacing. |
| 149 | What is JS | JavaScript | JS is a programming language that makes websites interactive and dynamic. |
| 150 | What is PHP | Hypertext Preprocessor | PHP is a server-side scripting language used to build dynamic websites and web applications. |
| 151 | What is CLI | Command Line Interface | CLI is a text-based interface where users type commands to interact with the computer system. |
| 152 | What is FTP | File Transfer Protocol | FTP is a standard protocol used to transfer files between computers on a network. |
| 153 | What is SMTP | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol | SMTP is used to send and receive emails between servers. |
| 154 | What is ISP | Internet Service Provider | ISP is a company that provides internet connectivity to homes and businesses. |
| 155 | What is GPU | Graphics Processing Unit | GPU is a processor specialized in rendering graphics and accelerating computing tasks. |
| 156 | What is ROM | Read-Only Memory | ROM is permanent memory that stores essential instructions for computer startup. |
| 157 | What is HDD | Hard Disk Drive | HDD is a traditional storage device that stores large amounts of data magnetically. |
| 158 | What is SSD | Solid State Drive | SSD is a faster, more reliable storage device that uses flash memory instead of spinning disks. |
| 159 | What is DL | Deep Learning | DL is a type of ML that uses neural networks with multiple layers to process complex patterns. |
| 160 | What is CV | Computer Vision | CV allows machines to interpret and analyze visual data like images and videos. |
| 161 | What is RPA | Robotic Process Automation | RPA uses software robots to automate repetitive tasks, improving efficiency and accuracy. |
| 162 | What is AR | Augmented Reality | AR overlays digital elements onto the real-world environment through devices like smartphones or AR glasses. |
| 163 | What is VR | Virtual Reality | VR immerses users in a simulated digital environment using headsets and sensors. |
| 164 | What is MR | Mixed Reality | MR blends real and virtual worlds to create interactive environments where digital and physical objects coexist. |
| 165 | What is XR | Extended Reality | XR is an umbrella term covering AR, VR, and MR technologies for immersive experiences. |
| 166 | What is 3D | Three-Dimensional | 3D refers to objects that have depth, height, and width, often used in movies, games, and printing. |
| 167 | What is SCM | Supply Chain Management | SCM involves managing the flow of goods, services, and information from production to customer delivery. |
| 168 | What is KYC | Know Your Customer | KYC is a verification process used by banks and institutions to confirm the identity of clients. |
| 169 | What is AML | Anti-Money Laundering | AML refers to regulations and measures designed to prevent illegal money laundering activities. |
| 170 | What is PPP | Purchasing Power Parity | PPP compares the value of currencies by evaluating how much a basket of goods costs in each country. |
| 171 | What is WB | World Bank | The World Bank provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development projects. |
| 172 | What is ADB | Asian Development Bank | ADB funds projects to promote economic growth, infrastructure, and social development in Asia. |
| 173 | What is FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization | FAO leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. |
| 174 | What is ILO | International Labour Organization | ILO promotes workers’ rights, decent employment, and fair labor practices worldwide. |
| 175 | What is WTOA | World Trade Organization Agreement | WTOA refers to the agreements forming the legal and institutional foundation of WTO trade rules. |
| 176 | What is GATT | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade | GATT was a treaty to reduce trade barriers and laid the foundation for WTO. |
| 177 | What is OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | OECD promotes policies that improve global economic and social well-being. |
| 178 | What is BIMSTEC | Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation | BIMSTEC fosters cooperation among countries around the Bay of Bengal. |
| 179 | What is SCO | Shanghai Cooperation Organization | SCO is a regional body focusing on political, economic, and security cooperation in Eurasia. |
| 180 | What is AU | African Union | AU is a continental union working to achieve unity, peace, and economic progress in Africa. |
| 181 | What is GCC | Gulf Cooperation Council | GCC is a regional political and economic union of Arab states in the Gulf region. |
| 182 | What is NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement | NAFTA was a trade pact between the US, Canada, and Mexico, later replaced by USMCA. |
| 183 | What is USMCA | United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement | USMCA modernized NAFTA with new rules for trade, labor, and digital commerce. |
| 184 | What is FDA | Food and Drug Administration | FDA regulates food, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics to ensure public safety in the U.S. |
| 185 | What is CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC protects public health by preventing and controlling diseases, especially outbreaks. |
| 186 | What is EPA | Environmental Protection Agency | EPA enforces environmental laws and works to protect air, water, and land quality. |
| 187 | What is NIH | National Institutes of Health | NIH funds and conducts medical research to advance health knowledge and treatment. |
| 188 | What is BARC | Bhabha Atomic Research Centre | BARC is India’s premier nuclear research center, contributing to energy and defense sectors. |
| 189 | What is ITI | Industrial Training Institute | ITIs offer vocational training to build technical and trade skills for employment. |
| 190 | What is MSME | Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises | MSMEs are businesses vital to economic growth, providing jobs and innovation at small scales. |
| 191 | What is SEZ | Special Economic Zone | SEZs are designated areas with business-friendly policies to attract foreign investment. |
| 192 | What is NDP | Net Domestic Product | NDP is GDP minus depreciation, showing actual productive capacity after wear and tear. |
| 193 | What is NNP | Net National Product | NNP is GNP minus depreciation, representing the nation’s net output. |
| 194 | What is PCI | Per Capita Income | PCI is the average income earned per person, often used to compare living standards. |
| 195 | What is FII | Foreign Institutional Investor | FII refers to investors from abroad investing in a country’s stocks and bonds. |
| 196 | What is GDP Deflator | Gross Domestic Product Deflator | GDP Deflator measures inflation by comparing current GDP with constant-price GDP. |
| 197 | What is CPI | Consumer Price Index | CPI tracks changes in the price of goods and services consumed by households. |
| 198 | What is WPI | Wholesale Price Index | WPI measures the price changes of goods at the wholesale level, before retail. |
| 199 | What is EXIM Bank | Export-Import Bank of India | EXIM Bank supports and finances Indian exports and imports through loans and guarantees. |
| 200 | What is IFCI | Industrial Finance Corporation of India | IFCI provides financial assistance for industrial and infrastructure projects in India. |
| 201 | What is IDBI | Industrial Development Bank of India | IDBI provides credit and financial services for industrial growth and development. |
| 202 | What is ICICI | Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India | ICICI started as a development bank and has now grown into a leading private bank. |
| 203 | What is HDFC | Housing Development Finance Corporation | HDFC is a major financial institution providing housing loans and banking services. |
| 204 | What is SBI | State Bank of India | SBI is India’s largest public sector bank, offering a wide range of financial services. |
| 205 | What is PNB | Punjab National Bank | PNB is a leading Indian public sector bank providing retail and corporate banking. |
| 206 | What is BOI | Bank of India | BOI is one of India’s major banks with domestic and international banking operations. |
| 207 | What is BOB | Bank of Baroda | One of India’s oldest and largest public sector banks with a global presence. |
| 208 | What is Canara Bank | Canara Bank | A major Indian public sector bank known for retail and corporate banking services. |
| 209 | What is UBI | Union Bank of India | A government-owned bank offering a wide range of financial services across India. |
| 210 | What is IOB | Indian Overseas Bank | A Chennai-based bank with a strong network in India and branches abroad. |
| 211 | What is OBC | Oriental Bank of Commerce | A former Indian public sector bank that merged with Punjab National Bank in 2020. |
| 212 | What is Allahabad Bank | Allahabad Bank | One of the oldest banks in India, merged with Indian Bank in 2020. |
| 213 | What is Indian Bank | Indian Bank | A public sector bank headquartered in Chennai with strong retail and rural banking. |
| 214 | What is Yes Bank | Yes Bank | A private sector bank in India known for innovative banking and corporate services. |
| 215 | What is Axis Bank | Axis Bank | A top private sector bank in India providing retail, corporate, and digital banking. |
| 216 | What is Kotak Bank | Kotak Mahindra Bank | A fast-growing private sector bank with a strong focus on investment and retail banking. |
| 217 | What is Co-op Bank | Cooperative Bank | Banks owned and operated by members, focusing on local communities and rural needs. |
| 218 | What is NBFC | Non-Banking Financial Company | Financial institutions that provide loans and credit facilities but don’t hold banking licenses. |
| 219 | What is MFI | Microfinance Institution | Organizations that provide small loans to low-income individuals, especially in rural areas. |
| 220 | What is SHG | Self Help Group | A group of people, usually women, who pool savings and provide small loans to members. |
| 221 | What is ESG | Environmental, Social, and Governance | A framework for measuring a company’s impact on sustainability and social good. |
| 222 | What is World Bank | World Bank Group | A global financial institution that funds projects to reduce poverty and promote development. |
| 223 | What is AIIB | Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank | A multilateral bank focused on funding infrastructure projects across Asia. |
| 224 | What is UNDP | United Nations Development Programme | A UN program that helps countries achieve sustainable development goals. |
| 225 | What is UNEP | United Nations Environment Programme | A UN body dedicated to environmental protection and sustainable development. |
| 226 | What is WFP | World Food Programme | A UN agency providing food assistance to fight global hunger. |
| 227 | What is WTO Ministerial | WTO Ministerial Conference | The highest decision-making body of the WTO, held every two years to set global trade policies. |
| 228 | What is G20 | Group of Twenty | An international forum of 20 major economies working together on financial and global issues. |
| 229 | What is G7 | Group of Seven | A coalition of seven advanced economies discussing economic and political matters. |
| 230 | What is G77 | Group of 77 | A coalition of developing nations in the UN that promotes their collective economic interests. |
| 231 | What is NAM | Non-Aligned Movement | A group of countries not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. |
| 232 | What is MERCOSUR | Southern Common Market | A South American trade bloc aimed at economic integration and free trade. |
| 233 | What is APEC | Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation | A regional forum promoting free trade and economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific. |
| 234 | What is ICC | International Criminal Court | A global court that prosecutes individuals for crimes like genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. |
| 235 | What is ICJ | International Court of Justice | The principal judicial organ of the United Nations that settles legal disputes between states. |
| 236 | What is IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency | An international organization that promotes peaceful use of nuclear energy and prevents nuclear weapons spread. |
| 237 | What is CTBT | Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty | A multilateral treaty that bans all nuclear explosions for both civilian and military purposes. |
| 238 | What is NPT | Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty | An international treaty aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and promoting disarmament. |
| 239 | What is OPCW | Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons | A global body overseeing the elimination of chemical weapons. |
| 240 | What is INTERPOL | International Criminal Police Organization | A worldwide organization that helps police forces cooperate across borders to fight crime. |
| 241 | What is WTO TRIPS | Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights | A WTO agreement that sets down international rules for intellectual property rights. |
| 242 | What is WIPO | World Intellectual Property Organization | A UN agency dedicated to promoting and protecting intellectual property worldwide. |
| 243 | What is ITU | International Telecommunication Union | A UN specialized agency for global telecommunication standards and connectivity. |
| 244 | What is ESA | European Space Agency | A multinational space agency that conducts research, satellite launches, and space missions in Europe. |
| 245 | What is JAXA | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency | Japan’s national space agency focusing on satellite development, space missions, and research. |
| 246 | What is CNSA | China National Space Administration | China’s government agency responsible for space exploration and satellite launches. |
| 247 | What is Roscosmos | Russian Federal Space Agency | Russia’s space agency overseeing space science, cosmonauts, and rocket programs. |
| 248 | What is PSLV | Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle | An Indian launch vehicle used to place satellites into polar orbits, known for reliability. |
| 249 | What is GSLV | Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle | An Indian rocket designed to launch heavier satellites into geostationary orbit. |
| 250 | What is SSLV | Small Satellite Launch Vehicle | India’s new compact rocket designed to carry small satellites at low cost. |
| 251 | What is Hubble | Hubble Space Telescope | A space telescope launched by NASA and ESA, providing stunning images of the universe. |
| 252 | What is JWST | James Webb Space Telescope | The world’s most powerful space telescope launched in 2021 to study early galaxies and exoplanets. |
| 253 | What is LIGO | Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory | A scientific observatory that detects gravitational waves from cosmic events. |
| 254 | What is CERN | European Organization for Nuclear Research | The world’s largest particle physics lab, famous for the Large Hadron Collider. |
| 255 | What is IIoT | Industrial Internet of Things | The use of IoT in industrial settings for automation, efficiency, and predictive maintenance. |
| 256 | What is 3D Printing | Additive Manufacturing | A technology that creates three-dimensional objects by layering materials based on digital models. |
| 257 | What is IoMT | Internet of Medical Things | Connected devices in healthcare that monitor, diagnose, and improve patient care. |
| 258 | What is SaaS | Software as a Service | A cloud-based software delivery model where users access applications online without installation. |
| 259 | What is PaaS | Platform as a Service | A cloud service model that provides developers with a platform to build and deploy applications. |
| 260 | What is IaaS | Infrastructure as a Service | Cloud computing that delivers virtualized hardware resources over the internet. |
| 261 | What is FaaS | Function as a Service | A serverless computing model where developers run code in response to events without managing servers. |
| 262 | What is DaaS | Desktop as a Service | A cloud computing model that delivers a virtual desktop environment to end-users. |
| 263 | What is BaaS | Backend as a Service | A cloud model that provides ready-to-use backend services like authentication and database management. |
| 264 | What is SDK | Software Development Kit | A collection of tools, libraries, and documentation for developers to build software for specific platforms. |
| 265 | What is IDE | Integrated Development Environment | A software suite that combines tools like a code editor, debugger, and compiler for efficient coding. |
| 266 | What is OOP | Object-Oriented Programming | A programming paradigm based on objects and classes, making code reusable and modular. |
| 267 | What is NoSQL | Non-Structured Query Language | A type of database that handles unstructured data, unlike traditional SQL databases. |
| 268 | What is RDBMS | Relational Database Management System | A DBMS that organizes data into structured tables with defined relationships. |
| 269 | What is HRMS | Human Resource Management System | Software that streamlines employee management, payroll, and recruitment. |
| 270 | What is KMS | Knowledge Management System | A system for storing, organizing, and sharing knowledge within an organization. |
| 271 | What is DSS | Decision Support System | A computer-based tool that supports business or organizational decision-making. |
| 272 | What is BI | Business Intelligence | Technologies and tools that analyze business data to support strategic decisions. |
| 273 | What is ETL | Extract, Transform, Load | A process of collecting data, cleaning it, and loading it into a data warehouse. |
| 274 | What is OLAP | Online Analytical Processing | A technology that allows quick analysis of large amounts of multidimensional data. |
| 275 | What is AI ML Ops | Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning Operations | Practices that streamline the development, deployment, and monitoring of AI/ML models. |
| 276 | What is CI | Continuous Integration | A software practice where developers frequently merge code changes to detect issues early. |
| 277 | What is CD | Continuous Delivery | A DevOps practice that ensures software is always in a deployable state. |
| 278 | What is DevOps | Development and Operations | A culture and practice that integrates software development and IT operations for faster delivery. |
| 279 | What is SRE | Site Reliability Engineering | A discipline that applies software engineering principles to infrastructure and operations. |
| 280 | What is QA | Quality Assurance | A process of ensuring software or products meet defined standards and function correctly before release. |
| 281 | What is QC | Quality Control | A system of checking finished products or services to ensure they meet the required quality levels. |
| 282 | What is TDD | Test-Driven Development | A software approach where tests are written first, and code is developed to pass those tests. |
| 283 | What is BDD | Behavior-Driven Development | A development method focusing on user behavior and collaboration between teams. |
| 284 | What is UAT | User Acceptance Testing | A stage of testing where end-users verify that a system works as expected. |
| 285 | What is SDLC | Software Development Life Cycle | The structured process of planning, creating, testing, and deploying software. |
| 286 | What is STLC | Software Testing Life Cycle | A sequence of steps involved in testing software to ensure quality and reliability. |
| 287 | What is RAD | Rapid Application Development | A software model emphasizing quick prototyping and user feedback over long planning. |
| 288 | What is Agile | Agile Methodology | An iterative approach to project management and software development focused on collaboration and flexibility. |
| 289 | What is Scrum | Scrum Framework | A popular agile framework that organizes work into short sprints with clear goals. |
| 290 | What is Kanban | Kanban Method | A visual project management method that tracks tasks using boards and cards. |
| 291 | What is XP | Extreme Programming | A software methodology that promotes frequent releases and continuous improvement. |
| 292 | What is Lean | Lean Methodology | A business and development approach focused on eliminating waste and maximizing value. |
| 293 | What is PMI | Project Management Institute | A global organization that sets standards and certifications in project management. |
| 294 | What is PMP | Project Management Professional | A globally recognized certification for project managers provided by PMI. |
| 295 | What is PRINCE2 | Projects IN Controlled Environments | A structured project management methodology widely used in the UK and globally. |
| 296 | What is CPM | Critical Path Method | A project scheduling technique that identifies essential tasks to avoid delays. |
| 297 | What is PERT | Program Evaluation Review Technique | A project management tool for analyzing and estimating project timelines. |
| 298 | What is WBS | Work Breakdown Structure | A method of breaking down projects into smaller, manageable parts. |
| 299 | What is OKR | Objectives and Key Results | A framework for setting and tracking goals in organizations. |
| 300 | What is SLA | Service Level Agreement | A contract that defines the expected service standards between providers and clients. |
| 301 | What is RACI | Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed | A model used to define roles and responsibilities in projects. |
| 302 | What is SWOT | Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats | A framework for analyzing a company’s position and strategy. |
| 303 | What is PESTLE | Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental | A tool for analyzing external factors that impact businesses. |
| 304 | What is IRR | Internal Rate of Return | A financial metric used to evaluate the profitability of an investment project. |
| 305 | What is NPV | Net Present Value | The difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows of an investment. |
| 306 | What is CAGR | Compound Annual Growth Rate | The yearly growth rate of an investment over a period of time. |
| 307 | What is EPS | Earnings Per Share | A company’s profit divided by the number of outstanding shares, indicating profitability per share. |
| 308 | What is P/E Ratio | Price-to-Earnings Ratio | A valuation metric that compares a company’s stock price to its earnings per share. |
| 309 | What is EBITDA | Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization | A measure of financial performance focusing on operating profitability. |
| 310 | What is GAAP | Generally Accepted Accounting Principles | Standard accounting rules followed in the U.S. for preparing financial statements. |
| 311 | What is IFRS | International Financial Reporting Standards | Global accounting standards used in many countries for financial reporting. |
| 312 | What is FPO | Follow-on Public Offering | An additional issue of shares by a company that is already listed on the stock exchange. |
| 313 | What is SME IPO | Small and Medium Enterprise Initial Public Offering | A stock market listing specifically designed for small and medium businesses. |
| 314 | What is SEC | Securities and Exchange Commission | The U.S. federal agency that regulates securities markets and protects investors. |
| 315 | What is NSE | National Stock Exchange | One of India’s largest stock exchanges providing electronic trading services. |
| 316 | What is BSE | Bombay Stock Exchange | Asia’s oldest stock exchange, located in Mumbai, India. |
| 317 | What is NYSE | New York Stock Exchange | The world’s largest stock exchange by market capitalization, based in New York. |
| 318 | What is NASDAQ | National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations | A U.S.-based stock exchange known for technology-focused companies. |
| 319 | What is FTSE | Financial Times Stock Exchange | A UK-based stock market index that tracks top companies on the London Stock Exchange. |
| 320 | What is DAX | Deutscher Aktienindex | The German stock market index representing 40 major companies traded on the Frankfurt Exchange. |
| 321 | What is SENSEX | Sensitive Index | A benchmark stock market index of 30 companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). |
| 322 | What is NIFTY | National Stock Exchange Fifty | A stock market index of the 50 largest companies listed on the NSE. |
| 323 | What is IPO Grey Market | Initial Public Offering Grey Market | An unofficial market where IPO shares are traded before official listing. |
| 324 | What is Market Cap | Market Capitalization | The total value of a company’s outstanding shares in the stock market. |
| 325 | What is Blue Chip Stock | Blue Chip Stock | Shares of large, reputable, financially sound companies with a history of stability. |
| 326 | What is Penny Stock | Penny Stock | Very low-priced shares of small companies, often considered high-risk investments. |
| 327 | What is Mutual Fund | Mutual Fund | An investment vehicle that pools money from multiple investors to invest in stocks, bonds, or other assets. |
| 328 | What is ETF | Exchange-Traded Fund | A type of investment fund traded on stock exchanges like shares, offering diversification. |
| 329 | What is SIP | Systematic Investment Plan | A disciplined way of investing in mutual funds by contributing small amounts regularly. |
| 330 | What is NAV | Net Asset Value | The per-unit value of a mutual fund, calculated by dividing total assets minus liabilities. |
| 331 | What is AUM | Assets Under Management | The total market value of assets managed by an investment company or fund. |
| 332 | What is REIT | Real Estate Investment Trust | A company that owns or finances income-producing real estate and allows investors to earn dividends. |
| 333 | What is Hedge Fund | Hedge Fund | A private investment fund that uses diverse strategies to maximize returns, often for wealthy investors. |
| 334 | What is Private Equity | Private Equity | Investments made directly in private companies, often to improve and resell them at a profit. |
| 335 | What is Venture Capital | Venture Capital | Funding provided to startups and early-stage companies with high growth potential. |
| 336 | What is Angel Investor | Angel Investor | An individual who invests personal funds in small startups in exchange for ownership or equity. |
| 337 | What is Unicorn | Unicorn Startup | A privately held startup company valued at over $1 billion. |
| 338 | What is Decacorn | Decacorn Startup | A startup company valued at over $10 billion. |
| 339 | What is FinTech | Financial Technology | The use of technology to deliver innovative financial services and solutions. |
| 340 | What is InsurTech | Insurance Technology | The application of technology to improve efficiency and customer experience in the insurance industry. |
| 341 | What is RegTech | Regulatory Technology | Technology solutions designed to help companies comply with regulatory requirements efficiently. |
| 342 | What is DeFi | Decentralized Finance | Blockchain-based financial services that operate without traditional banks or intermediaries. |
| 343 | What is NFT | Non-Fungible Token | A unique digital asset stored on blockchain, often used for art, collectibles, or gaming. |
| 344 | What is CBDC | Central Bank Digital Currency | A digital form of a country’s official currency issued by its central bank. |
| 345 | What is Bitcoin | Bitcoin | The first decentralized cryptocurrency, operating without a central authority using blockchain technology. |
| 346 | What is Ethereum | Ethereum | A blockchain platform known for its cryptocurrency (ETH) and ability to run smart contracts. |
| 347 | What is Stablecoin | Stablecoin | A type of cryptocurrency pegged to stable assets like the U.S. Dollar to reduce volatility. |
| 348 | What is Mining (Crypto) | Cryptocurrency Mining | The process of validating blockchain transactions and earning rewards in the form of coins. |
| 349 | What is Wallet (Crypto) | Cryptocurrency Wallet | A digital tool to store, send, and receive cryptocurrencies securely. |
| 350 | What is Blockchain | Blockchain Technology | A decentralized digital ledger system that records transactions securely and transparently. |
| 351 | What is ANN | Artificial Neural Network | A computational model inspired by the human brain, used in machine learning and deep learning. |
| 352 | What is AGI | Artificial General Intelligence | A theoretical AI system that can perform any intellectual task a human can do. |
| 353 | What is ASI | Artificial Superintelligence | A hypothetical AI that surpasses human intelligence in all aspects. |
| 354 | What is GPT | Generative Pre-trained Transformer | A family of advanced language models designed to generate natural, human-like text. |
| 355 | What is BERT | Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers | A Google-developed model that helps machines understand the context of language. |
| 356 | What is TTS | Text-to-Speech | A technology that converts written text into spoken words. |
| 357 | What is STT | Speech-to-Text | A tool that converts spoken language into written text. |
| 358 | What is ASR | Automatic Speech Recognition | The underlying technology that enables STT systems to recognize and process speech. |
| 359 | What is OCR | Optical Character Recognition | A technology that converts scanned images or handwritten text into machine-readable format. |
| 360 | What is GAN | Generative Adversarial Network | A machine learning model where two networks compete to generate realistic synthetic data. |
| 361 | What is RL | Reinforcement Learning | A machine learning method where agents learn by interacting with their environment and receiving feedback. |
| 362 | What is CNN | Convolutional Neural Network | A deep learning model commonly used in image and video recognition. |
| 363 | What is DNN | Deep Neural Network | A type of neural network with multiple layers, enabling machines to learn complex patterns. |
| 364 | What is RNN | Recurrent Neural Network | A neural network designed for sequential data like text or time-series. |
| 365 | What is LSTM | Long Short-Term Memory | A special type of RNN that remembers long-term dependencies in sequences. |
| 366 | What is GRU | Gated Recurrent Unit | A simpler version of LSTM that processes sequential data effectively. |
| 367 | What is Q-Learning | Q-Learning | A reinforcement learning algorithm that helps agents learn the value of actions. |
| 368 | What is AlphaGo | AlphaGo | An AI system by DeepMind that beat human champions in the game of Go. |
| 369 | What is AutoML | Automated Machine Learning | A process of automating model selection, training, and tuning in ML. |
| 370 | What is MLOps | Machine Learning Operations | Practices to deploy, monitor, and manage ML models in production. |
| 371 | What is AIOps | Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations | Using AI to automate and improve IT operations and system monitoring. |
| 372 | What is Edge AI | Edge Artificial Intelligence | Running AI algorithms on local devices instead of cloud servers. |
| 373 | What is TinyML | Tiny Machine Learning | ML models designed to run on low-power devices like sensors or microcontrollers. |
| 374 | What is Federated Learning | Federated Learning | A technique where multiple devices train a model collaboratively without sharing raw data. |
| 375 | What is Transfer Learning | Transfer Learning | Reusing knowledge from a pre-trained model to solve new but related problems. |
| 376 | What is Meta Learning | Meta Learning | “Learning to learn,” where models improve their ability to adapt to new tasks. |
| 377 | What is Zero-Shot Learning | Zero-Shot Learning | When a model can solve a task without direct training examples for it. |
| 378 | What is Few-Shot Learning | Few-Shot Learning | Training a model with only a small amount of labeled data. |
| 379 | What is Explainable AI | Explainable Artificial Intelligence | AI systems designed to provide transparency in how decisions are made. |
| 380 | What is Ethical AI | Ethical Artificial Intelligence | The practice of developing AI responsibly with fairness and accountability. |
| 381 | What is Bias in AI | AI Bias | When AI models make unfair decisions due to biased training data. |
| 382 | What is Turing Test | Turing Test | A method to evaluate whether a machine can mimic human intelligence. |
| 383 | What is Singularity | Technological Singularity | A future point where AI surpasses human intelligence completely. |
| 384 | What is Chatbot | Chatbot | An AI-driven program that interacts with users through text or voice. |
| 385 | What is Digital Twin | Digital Twin | A virtual replica of a physical object or system used for simulation and analysis. |
| 386 | What is Smart Contract | Smart Contract | A blockchain-based contract that executes automatically when conditions are met. |
| 387 | What is DAO | Decentralized Autonomous Organization | A blockchain community run by rules encoded as smart contracts. |
| 388 | What is Web 1.0 | Web 1.0 | The earliest stage of the internet, mostly static websites. |
| 389 | What is Web 2.0 | Web 2.0 | The interactive, user-generated content era of the internet. |
| 390 | What is Web 3.0 | Web 3.0 | The next phase of the internet focused on decentralization and blockchain. |
| 391 | What is Metaverse | Metaverse | A virtual shared space combining AR, VR, and digital economies. |
| 392 | What is DApp | Decentralized Application | An application that runs on blockchain without central authority. |
| 393 | What is IPFS | InterPlanetary File System | A peer-to-peer system for storing and sharing files in a distributed way. |
| 394 | What is PoW | Proof of Work | A blockchain consensus mechanism that requires solving computational puzzles. |
| 395 | What is PoS | Proof of Stake | A blockchain consensus method where validators are chosen based on coin holdings. |
| 396 | What is DPoS | Delegated Proof of Stake | A consensus system where stakeholders vote for delegates to validate transactions. |
| 397 | What is Layer 1 Blockchain | Layer 1 Blockchain | The base blockchain network like Bitcoin or Ethereum. |
| 398 | What is Layer 2 Blockchain | Layer 2 Blockchain | Secondary solutions built on top of Layer 1 to improve scalability. |
| 399 | What is Sidechain | Sidechain | A separate blockchain connected to a main chain for scalability and experimentation. |
| 400 | What is Sharding | Sharding | Splitting blockchain into smaller parts to process transactions faster. |
| 401 | What is Tokenomics | Token Economics | The study of a cryptocurrency’s supply, demand, and ecosystem. |
| 402 | What is Whitepaper | Whitepaper | A detailed document explaining the technology and purpose of a crypto project. |
| 403 | What is ICO | Initial Coin Offering | A fundraising method where new cryptocurrencies are sold to investors. |
| 404 | What is IEO | Initial Exchange Offering | A token sale conducted on a cryptocurrency exchange. |
| 405 | What is STO | Security Token Offering | A regulated fundraising method using blockchain-based security tokens. |
| 406 | What is IDO | Initial DEX Offering | A token launch on a decentralized exchange. |
| 407 | What is Airdrop | Airdrop | Free distribution of cryptocurrency tokens to promote adoption. |
| 408 | What is Fork (Blockchain) | Blockchain Fork | A split in a blockchain that creates two separate chains. |
| 409 | What is Hard Fork | Hard Fork | A permanent divergence in a blockchain requiring all users to upgrade. |
| 410 | What is Soft Fork | Soft Fork | A backward-compatible blockchain update. |
| 411 | What is Cold Wallet | Cold Wallet | An offline crypto wallet, safer from hacks. |
| 412 | What is Hot Wallet | Hot Wallet | An online crypto wallet, convenient but more vulnerable. |
| 413 | What is Public Key | Public Key | A cryptographic code used to receive transactions in blockchain. |
| 414 | What is Private Key | Private Key | A secret code that allows the owner to access and control crypto assets. |
| 415 | What is Hashing | Hashing | A process of converting input into a fixed-length cryptographic code. |
| 416 | What is Smart Grid | Smart Grid | An electricity network enhanced with digital technology for efficiency. |
| 417 | What is Green Energy | Green Energy | Renewable energy sources that do not harm the environment. |
| 418 | What is Solar PV | Solar Photovoltaic | Technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity. |
| 419 | What is Wind Turbine | Wind Turbine | A machine that generates electricity from wind energy. |
| 420 | What is Hydropower | Hydropower | Energy generated by moving water, often using dams. |
| 421 | What is Geothermal Energy | Geothermal Energy | Renewable power harnessed from heat inside the Earth. |
| 422 | What is Biomass Energy | Biomass Energy | Renewable energy from organic materials like plants and waste. |
| 423 | What is Hydrogen Fuel Cell | Hydrogen Fuel Cell | A device that generates electricity through a reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. |
| 424 | What is Net Metering | Net Metering | A billing system allowing solar energy users to sell surplus power to the grid. |
| 425 | What is Smart Meter | Smart Meter | A digital device that records and transmits electricity usage data. |
| 426 | What is BEV | Battery Electric Vehicle | A fully electric vehicle with rechargeable batteries only. |
| 427 | What is PHEV | Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle | A vehicle that uses both an internal combustion engine and rechargeable battery. |
| 428 | What is HEV | Hybrid Electric Vehicle | A car powered by both a fuel engine and electric motor. |
| 429 | What is FCEV | Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle | A vehicle powered by hydrogen fuel cells producing electricity. |
| 430 | What is V2G | Vehicle-to-Grid | A system where EVs send electricity back to the power grid. |
| 431 | What is Smart City | Smart City | An urban area that uses technology to manage resources efficiently. |
| 432 | What is Telemedicine | Telemedicine | Remote medical consultation through digital platforms. |
| 433 | What is mHealth | Mobile Health | Use of smartphones and apps to provide healthcare services. |
| 434 | What is EHR | Electronic Health Record | A digital version of a patient’s medical history. |
| 435 | What is EMR | Electronic Medical Record | A healthcare provider’s digital patient record system. |
| 436 | What is PACS | Picture Archiving and Communication System | A digital system to store and share medical images like X-rays. |
| 437 | What is LIS | Laboratory Information System | A system to manage lab test data efficiently. |
| 438 | What is HIS | Hospital Information System | An integrated platform to manage hospital operations. |
| 439 | What is CDSS | Clinical Decision Support System | AI-powered tools that help doctors make better decisions. |
| 440 | What is Wearable Tech | Wearable Technology | Smart devices worn on the body that monitor health and fitness. |
| 441 | What is Fitbit | Fitbit | A wearable device that tracks steps, activity, and health metrics. |
| 442 | What is Smartwatch | Smartwatch | A wearable device with health, communication, and productivity features. |
| 443 | What is Biosensor | Biosensor | A device that detects biological signals for medical or fitness monitoring. |
| 444 | What is DNA Sequencing | DNA Sequencing | A method of identifying the order of nucleotides in DNA. |
| 445 | What is CRISPR | CRISPR-Cas9 | A genetic editing technology used to alter DNA. |
| 446 | What is GMO | Genetically Modified Organism | An organism whose genetic material has been altered for desired traits. |
| 447 | What is Stem Cell | Stem Cell | Special cells that can develop into different types of body cells. |
| 448 | What is Cloning | Cloning | Creating a genetically identical copy of an organism. |
| 449 | What is Human Genome Project | Human Genome Project | A global research effort to map all human genes. |
| 450 | What is Proteomics | Proteomics | The study of proteins and their functions. |
| 451 | What is Metabolomics | Metabolomics | The study of chemical processes involving metabolites. |
| 452 | What is Epigenetics | Epigenetics | The study of how lifestyle and environment affect gene expression. |
| 453 | What is Microbiome | Microbiome | The collection of microorganisms living inside and on the human body. |
| 454 | What is Bioinformatics | Bioinformatics | The use of software and computational tools to analyze biological data. |
| 455 | What is Nanomedicine | Nanomedicine | The application of nanotechnology for diagnosis and treatment in healthcare. |
| 456 | What is Immunotherapy | Immunotherapy | A treatment that uses the body’s immune system to fight diseases like cancer. |
| 457 | What is Vaccine | Vaccine | A biological preparation that boosts immunity against diseases. |
| 458 | What is mRNA Vaccine | mRNA Vaccine | A vaccine that uses messenger RNA to instruct cells to produce an immune response. |
| 459 | What is Antibody | Antibody | A protein produced by the immune system to fight harmful pathogens. |
| 460 | What is Antigen | Antigen | A substance that triggers an immune response in the body. |
| 461 | What is UEFI | Unified Extensible Firmware Interface | A modern replacement for BIOS that offers advanced boot and hardware management features. |
| 462 | What is OS | Operating System | The software that manages computer hardware and software resources, providing services to applications. |
| 463 | What is Kernel | Kernel | The core of an operating system that manages processes, memory, and hardware communication. |
| 464 | What is Driver | Device Driver | A program that allows the operating system to communicate with hardware devices. |
| 465 | What is API Gateway | API Gateway | A management tool that routes, monitors, and secures API requests. |
| 466 | What is DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol | A network protocol that assigns IP addresses to devices automatically. |
| 467 | What is SFTP | Secure File Transfer Protocol | An encrypted version of FTP for securely transferring files. |
| 468 | What is IPv4 | Internet Protocol Version 4 | The fourth version of IP, widely used to identify devices using 32-bit addresses. |
| 469 | What is IPv6 | Internet Protocol Version 6 | A newer IP version that uses 128-bit addresses to provide a much larger pool of unique addresses. |
| 470 | What is TCP | Transmission Control Protocol | A protocol that ensures reliable data delivery between computers. |
| 471 | What is UDP | User Datagram Protocol | A fast, connectionless protocol used for applications like video streaming or gaming. |
| 472 | What is Proxy | Proxy Server | An intermediary server that routes requests between users and websites, often used for anonymity. |
| 473 | What is Firewall | Firewall | A security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic. |
| 474 | What is IDS | Intrusion Detection System | A system that detects unauthorized attempts to access a network. |
| 475 | What is IPS | Intrusion Prevention System | A tool that actively blocks threats after detecting suspicious network activity. |
| 476 | What is SIEM | Security Information and Event Management | Software that collects and analyzes security-related data across systems. |
| 477 | What is DDoS | Distributed Denial of Service | A cyberattack that floods a server with excessive requests, making it unavailable. |
| 478 | What is Phishing | Phishing | A cyberattack that tricks users into sharing sensitive data through fake websites or emails. |
| 479 | What is Malware | Malware | Malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to systems. |
| 480 | What is Ransomware | Ransomware | A type of malware that locks or encrypts files until a ransom is paid. |
| 481 | What is Spyware | Spyware | Software that secretly monitors and collects user activity without permission. |
| 482 | What is Adware | Adware | Software that automatically displays or downloads advertising material on devices. |
| 483 | What is Trojan | Trojan Horse | Malware disguised as legitimate software that can harm or steal information. |
| 484 | What is Worm | Computer Worm | A self-replicating malware program that spreads without user action. |
| 485 | What is Botnet | Botnet | A network of infected computers controlled remotely by cybercriminals. |
| 486 | What is Zero-Day | Zero-Day Vulnerability | A newly discovered software flaw with no patch available, often exploited by hackers. |
| 487 | What is Patch | Software Patch | A software update that fixes bugs, vulnerabilities, or adds new features. |
| 488 | What is Version Control | Version Control System | A system that tracks and manages changes to code or documents. |
| 489 | What is Git | Git | A distributed version control system widely used for software development. |
| 490 | What is GitHub | GitHub | An online platform for hosting and collaborating on Git repositories. |
| 491 | What is GitLab | GitLab | A DevOps platform that provides Git repository hosting along with CI/CD tools. |
| 492 | What is Bitbucket | Bitbucket | A Git-based code hosting platform owned by Atlassian, popular with teams. |
| 493 | What is Sprint | Sprint | A short, time-boxed period in Agile where specific tasks are completed. |
| 494 | What is Backlog | Product Backlog | A prioritized list of features, fixes, and improvements awaiting implementation in Agile projects. |
| 495 | What is MVP | Minimum Viable Product | The simplest version of a product released to test the market and gather feedback. |
| 496 | What is Prototype | Prototype | A preliminary model or sample built to test and refine ideas. |
| 497 | What is Wireframe | Wireframe | A basic design layout used to outline website or app structure before development. |
| 498 | What is UI | User Interface | The design and layout of software or devices that users interact with. |
| 499 | What is UX | User Experience | The overall experience and satisfaction a user has while interacting with a product. |
| 500 | What is HCI | Human-Computer Interaction | The study and design of how people interact with computers and technology. |
| 501 | What is OLTP | Online Transaction Processing | A database system designed for handling real-time business transactions. |
| 502 | What is ERD | Entity-Relationship Diagram | A diagram used to visually model data relationships in databases. |
| 503 | What is Big Data | Big Data | Extremely large datasets that require advanced tools to store, process, and analyze. |
| 504 | What is Hadoop | Hadoop | An open-source framework for processing and storing massive data sets across distributed systems. |
| 505 | What is Spark | Apache Spark | A fast open-source engine for big data processing and analytics. |
| 506 | What is Data Lake | Data Lake | A centralized repository that stores raw data in its native format until needed. |
| 507 | What is Data Warehouse | Data Warehouse | A system for storing structured data optimized for reporting and analysis. |
| 508 | What is ELT | Extract, Load, Transform | A modern variant of ETL where transformation happens after loading data. |
| 509 | What is API Rate Limiting | API Rate Limiting | A control mechanism that restricts the number of API requests a user can make within a timeframe. |
| 510 | What is Microservices | Microservices Architecture | A software design style that structures applications as small, independent services. |
| 511 | What is Monolith | Monolithic Architecture | A traditional software design where the entire application is built as one unit. |
| 512 | What is Container | Software Container | A lightweight, portable unit of software that includes everything needed to run an application. |
| 513 | What is Docker | Docker | A platform for creating, deploying, and managing containers efficiently. |
| 514 | What is Kubernetes | Kubernetes | An open-source system for automating the deployment and management of containers. |
| 515 | What is Helm | Helm | A package manager for Kubernetes applications. |
| 516 | What is API Testing | API Testing | The process of verifying APIs for functionality, reliability, and security. |
| 517 | What is Unit Testing | Unit Testing | A type of testing that validates individual components of software. |
| 518 | What is Integration Testing | Integration Testing | Testing how different modules or services work together in a system. |
| 519 | What is Regression Testing | Regression Testing | Ensuring new changes do not break existing functionality. |
| 520 | What is Load Testing | Load Testing | Testing how software performs under expected user loads. |
| 521 | What is Stress Testing | Stress Testing | Testing system behavior under extreme workloads. |
| 522 | What is Pen Test | Penetration Testing | A simulated cyberattack to identify vulnerabilities in a system. |
| 523 | What is Stock Exchange | Stock Exchange | A marketplace where securities like shares and bonds are bought and sold. |
| 524 | What is Index Fund | Index Fund | A type of mutual fund designed to track the performance of a stock market index. |
| 525 | What is NFC | Near Field Communication | A short-range wireless technology enabling secure transactions like contactless payments and data sharing. |
| 526 | What is GLONASS | Global Navigation Satellite System | Russia’s satellite navigation system, offering positioning services similar to GPS. |
| 527 | What is Galileo | European Global Navigation Satellite System | Europe’s advanced satellite navigation system designed for precise positioning services. |
| 528 | What is IRNSS | Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System | India’s own navigation satellite system, providing accurate positioning across the region. |
| 529 | What is SBAS | Satellite-Based Augmentation System | Enhances GPS accuracy and reliability, often used in aviation and critical transport. |
| 530 | What is BYOD | Bring Your Own Device | A workplace policy allowing employees to use personal devices for professional work. |
| 531 | What is XaaS | Everything as a Service | A collective term for all services delivered through the cloud. |
| 532 | What is CDN | Content Delivery Network | A distributed network of servers that delivers web content quickly to users based on location. |
| 533 | What is IMAP | Internet Message Access Protocol | Allows users to access and manage emails on multiple devices. |
| 534 | What is POP3 | Post Office Protocol version 3 | A protocol that downloads emails from a server to a single device. |
| 535 | What is VoIP | Voice over Internet Protocol | A technology enabling voice calls using the internet instead of traditional phone lines. |
| 536 | What is 5G | Fifth Generation Mobile Network | The latest mobile communication standard providing faster speed, low latency, and massive connectivity. |
| 537 | What is 6G | Sixth Generation Mobile Network | A futuristic network concept aiming to deliver ultra-fast speeds and advanced AI integration. |
| 538 | What is RIS | Radiology Information System | A specialized system for managing radiology workflows and imaging data. |
| 539 | What is HL7 | Health Level Seven | A set of standards for electronic health information exchange between systems. |
| 540 | What is DICOM | Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine | A standard for transmitting and storing medical images. |
| 541 | What is PHI | Protected Health Information | Refers to sensitive patient data that must be safeguarded under healthcare regulations. |
| 542 | What is HIPAA | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act | U.S. law that sets rules for protecting patient health information. |
| 543 | What is GDPR | General Data Protection Regulation | European data protection law governing privacy and data security. |
| 544 | What is CCPA | California Consumer Privacy Act | A state law in California giving consumers rights over their personal data. |
| 545 | What is PCI DSS | Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard | Security standards for handling cardholder payment data. |
| 546 | What is SOX | Sarbanes-Oxley Act | U.S. legislation ensuring corporate accountability and accuracy in financial reporting. |
| 547 | What is UNHCR | United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | Provides protection and assistance to refugees and displaced persons. |
| 548 | What is LEO | Low Earth Orbit | A satellite orbit ranging from 160–2,000 km, commonly used for communication satellites. |
| 549 | What is GEO | Geostationary Earth Orbit | A high-altitude orbit where satellites appear fixed relative to Earth, useful for TV and weather. |
| 550 | What is MEO | Medium Earth Orbit | Satellite orbit between LEO and GEO, often used for navigation satellites. |
| 551 | What is ISS | International Space Station | A space laboratory orbiting Earth where astronauts conduct scientific research. |
| 552 | What is HST | Hubble Space Telescope | A famous space telescope capturing images and data from deep space. |
| 553 | What is SETI | Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence | A scientific effort to detect signals of intelligent life beyond Earth. |
| 554 | What is NEET | National Eligibility cum Entrance Test | India’s national-level exam for medical college admissions. |
| 555 | What is JEE | Joint Entrance Examination | A competitive exam in India for engineering admissions to IITs, NITs, and other institutes. |
| 556 | What is GRE | Graduate Record Examination | A standardized test required for graduate admissions in many countries. |
| 557 | What is GMAT | Graduate Management Admission Test | A test for admission into MBA and business programs worldwide. |
| 558 | What is TOEFL | Test of English as a Foreign Language | Measures English proficiency for students planning to study abroad. |
| 559 | What is IELTS | International English Language Testing System | A global exam assessing English language skills for migration, work, and study. |
| 560 | What is PTE | Pearson Test of English | Another recognized English proficiency test for study and work abroad. |
| 561 | What is SAT | Scholastic Assessment Test | A standardized exam used for college admissions in the U.S. |
| 562 | What is ACT | American College Testing | A standardized test for U.S. college admissions, similar to SAT. |
| 563 | What is LSAT | Law School Admission Test | A test required for admission into law schools across various countries. |
| 564 | What is MCAT | Medical College Admission Test | An exam for students seeking admission into medical schools. |
| 565 | What is CPA | Certified Public Accountant | A professional designation for qualified accountants in the U.S. and other countries. |
| 566 | What is CFA | Chartered Financial Analyst | A globally recognized credential for finance and investment professionals. |
| 567 | What is IRS | Internal Revenue Service | The U.S. government agency responsible for tax collection and enforcing tax laws. |
| 568 | What is DOT | Department of Transportation | Oversees transportation systems in the U.S., including highways, aviation, and public transit. |
| 569 | What is DHS | Department of Homeland Security | Protects the U.S. from terrorism, cyber threats, and natural disasters. |
| 570 | What is DOD | Department of Defense | Manages the U.S. armed forces and ensures national security. |
| 571 | What is DOJ | Department of Justice | The U.S. agency that enforces federal laws and ensures fair justice. |
| 572 | What is USPS | United States Postal Service | Provides national mail and package delivery services across the U.S. |
| 573 | What is ECB | European Central Bank | Manages the euro and monetary policy for Eurozone countries. |
| 574 | What is FBI | Federal Bureau of Investigation | The U.S. federal law enforcement agency tackling crime, terrorism, and cyber threats. |
| 575 | What is CIA | Central Intelligence Agency | The U.S. intelligence agency focusing on national security and foreign intelligence. |
| 576 | What is NSA | National Security Agency | Protects U.S. communication networks and conducts intelligence on foreign threats. |
| 577 | What is NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology | Sets measurement standards and drives innovation in science and technology. |
| 578 | What is USPTO | United States Patent and Trademark Office | Grants patents and trademarks, protecting intellectual property rights in the U.S. |
| 579 | What is FAA | Federal Aviation Administration | Regulates civil aviation safety, operations, and air traffic control in the U.S. |
| 580 | What is FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | Ensures bank deposits in the U.S. are insured and safe. |
| 581 | What is ICAO | International Civil Aviation Organization | Oversees international aviation safety standards under the UN. |
| 582 | What is PTA | Preferential Trade Agreement | A trade agreement offering lower tariffs between participating nations. |
| 583 | What is FTA | Free Trade Agreement | Allows trade between countries with minimal or no tariffs. |
| 584 | What is TPP | Trans-Pacific Partnership | A trade agreement among Pacific Rim countries (U.S. withdrew in 2017). |
| 585 | What is CPTPP | Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership | The revised version of TPP without U.S. participation. |
| 586 | What is WTO DSU | WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding | A mechanism for resolving trade conflicts between member nations. |
| 587 | What is IPCC | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | Provides scientific assessments on climate change and global warming. |
| 588 | What is COP | Conference of the Parties | Annual climate summit under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. |
| 589 | What is UNFCCC | United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | An international treaty to tackle climate change through cooperation. |
| 590 | What is CITES | Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species | Protects endangered plants and animals from illegal trade. |
| 591 | What is WWF | World Wide Fund for Nature | A global NGO working on wildlife conservation and environmental protection. |
| 592 | What is IUCN | International Union for Conservation of Nature | An organization maintaining the Red List of endangered species. |
| 593 | What is IFAD | International Fund for Agricultural Development | Supports rural development and food security worldwide. |
| 594 | What is CGIAR | Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research | A global partnership advancing agricultural research for sustainability. |
| 595 | What is WTO SPS | Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures | WTO rules ensuring food safety and protection from pests/diseases. |
| 596 | What is WTO TBT | Technical Barriers to Trade | WTO rules ensuring standards don’t become unnecessary trade obstacles. |
| 597 | What is EBRD | European Bank for Reconstruction and Development | Invests in projects promoting democracy and market economies. |
| 598 | What is IDB | Islamic Development Bank | Provides funding for projects in member states of the Islamic world. |
| 599 | What is AfDB | African Development Bank | Supports economic development and social progress in Africa. |
| 600 | What is CARICOM | Caribbean Community | A regional grouping fostering cooperation among Caribbean states. |
| 601 | What is OAS | Organization of American States | Promotes peace, democracy, and development across the Americas. |
| 602 | What is OECS | Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States | A grouping of Caribbean nations focusing on integration and development. |
| 603 | What is LAS | League of Arab States (Arab League) | A regional organization promoting unity and cooperation in the Arab world. |
| 604 | What is RCEP | Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership | A trade agreement among Asia-Pacific nations including China, Japan, and ASEAN. |
| 605 | What is UNIDO | United Nations Industrial Development Organization | Promotes industrial growth and economic development worldwide. |
| 606 | What is ITC | International Trade Centre | A joint WTO-UN agency supporting trade and SME development globally. |
| 607 | What is PCA | Permanent Court of Arbitration | Resolves international disputes through arbitration. |
| 608 | What is ICANN | Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers | Manages domain names and IP addresses globally. |
| 609 | What is IEEE | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | A global association advancing technology and engineering standards. |
| 610 | What is ACM | Association for Computing Machinery | A global computing society promoting innovation and education in computing. |
| 611 | What is ANSI | American National Standards Institute | Oversees voluntary standards in the United States. |
| 612 | What is BSI | British Standards Institution | The UK’s standards body ensuring quality and safety compliance. |
| 613 | What is DIN | Deutsches Institut für Normung | Germany’s national standards body. |
| 614 | What is JIS | Japanese Industrial Standards | Standards for Japanese industries ensuring quality and safety. |
| 615 | What is ISO 9001 | International Standard for Quality Management | A globally recognized certification for quality management systems. |
| 616 | What is ISO 14001 | International Standard for Environmental Management | A certification promoting environmental sustainability in businesses. |
| 617 | What is ISO 27001 | International Standard for Information Security | Provides a framework for managing cybersecurity risks. |
| 618 | What is FERPA | Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act | A U.S. law protecting student education records. |
| 619 | What is COPPA | Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act | A U.S. law protecting children’s personal data online. |
| 620 | What is ATF | Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives | A U.S. federal agency responsible for regulating firearms, explosives, and investigating related crimes. |
| 621 | What is FTC | Federal Trade Commission | A U.S. agency that promotes consumer protection and prevents unfair business practices. |
| 622 | What is FCC | Federal Communications Commission | Regulates interstate and international communications in the U.S., including radio, TV, and internet. |
| 623 | What is TSA | Transportation Security Administration | Responsible for airport and travel security across the United States. |
| 624 | What is NBA | National Basketball Association | The premier men’s professional basketball league in the United States. |
| 625 | What is NFL | National Football League | The major professional American football league in the U.S. |
| 626 | What is MLB | Major League Baseball | Governing body of professional baseball teams in the United States. |
| 627 | What is FIFA | Fédération Internationale de Football Association | The world governing body for soccer, organizing the FIFA World Cup. |
| 628 | What is IOC | International Olympic Committee | Manages the Olympic Games and oversees the global Olympic movement. |
| 629 | What is UAE Space Agency | United Arab Emirates Space Agency | Oversees space missions and development in the UAE. |
| 630 | What is KARI | Korea Aerospace Research Institute | South Korea’s space research and satellite agency. |
| 631 | What is OECD DAC | Development Assistance Committee | A forum within OECD that coordinates development aid policies. |
| 632 | What is IBRD | International Bank for Reconstruction and Development | A World Bank institution providing financial aid for development projects. |
| 633 | What is IFC | International Finance Corporation | Supports private sector development in emerging markets. |
| 634 | What is IDA | International Development Association | Provides concessional loans and grants to the world’s poorest countries. |
| 635 | What is WTO GPA | Government Procurement Agreement | An international trade agreement on fair procurement practices. |
| 636 | What is FED | Federal Reserve | The central banking system of the United States. |
| 637 | What is BoE | Bank of England | The United Kingdom’s central bank, responsible for monetary stability. |
| 638 | What is PBOC | People’s Bank of China | The central bank of the People’s Republic of China. |
| 639 | What is BoJ | Bank of Japan | Japan’s central bank overseeing currency and financial policy. |
| 640 | What is SNB | Swiss National Bank | Switzerland’s central bank responsible for monetary stability. |
| 641 | What is IMF SDR | Special Drawing Rights | An international reserve asset created by the IMF to supplement global liquidity. |
| 642 | What is CIS | Commonwealth of Independent States | A regional organization of former Soviet republics promoting cooperation. |
| 643 | What is EFTA | European Free Trade Association | A trade organization of four European countries outside the EU. |
| 644 | What is ECOWAS | Economic Community of West African States | Promotes integration and development in West Africa. |
| 645 | What is IGAD | Intergovernmental Authority on Development | A regional body in East Africa focusing on drought control and development. |
| 646 | What is COMESA | Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa | A regional economic community promoting free trade. |
| 647 | What is SADC | Southern African Development Community | A regional organization supporting development and integration in Southern Africa. |
| 648 | What is UNGA | United Nations General Assembly | The main deliberative body of the UN, where all member states are represented. |
| 649 | What is UNSC | United Nations Security Council | The UN body responsible for maintaining international peace and security. |
| 650 | What is IEC | International Electrotechnical Commission | Prepares standards for electrical, electronic, and related technologies. |
| 651 | What is AMA | American Medical Association | A U.S. professional association representing physicians and medical students. |
| 652 | What is OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration | Ensures safe working conditions in the U.S. through regulations and inspections. |
| 653 | What is NIOSH | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health | Conducts research on workplace safety and health. |
| 654 | What is AMA (Marketing) | American Marketing Association | A U.S.-based organization promoting marketing professionals and standards. |
| 655 | What is MD | Doctor of Medicine | A professional degree for physicians and surgeons. |
| 656 | What is JD | Juris Doctor | A professional degree in law, primarily in the United States. |
| 657 | What is GAO | Government Accountability Office | A US agency providing auditing, evaluation, and investigative services for Congress. |
| 658 | What is NSF | National Science Foundation | A US agency that funds scientific research and supports advancements in education and technology. |
| 659 | What is NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | A US agency studying climate, oceans, weather, and atmospheric changes. |
| 660 | What is NPS | National Park Service | The US agency responsible for preserving and managing national parks and historic sites. |
| 661 | What is ICE | Immigration and Customs Enforcement | A US federal agency enforcing immigration laws and investigating customs violations. |
| 662 | What is CBP | Customs and Border Protection | A US agency ensuring lawful trade, border safety, and immigration enforcement. |
| 663 | What is DIA | Defense Intelligence Agency | A US agency providing military intelligence to support national defense. |
| 664 | What is CSA | Canadian Space Agency | Canada’s federal agency responsible for space research and satellite projects. |
| 665 | What is RSA | Russian Space Agency | Russia’s main agency for space exploration and satellite programs. |
| 666 | What is CNES | National Centre for Space Studies (France) | France’s government space agency focusing on research, exploration, and satellites. |
| 667 | What is UAE SA | United Arab Emirates Space Agency | The UAE’s space body responsible for missions like the Mars probe “Hope.” |
| 668 | What is BeiDou | BeiDou Navigation Satellite System | China’s global satellite navigation system. |
| 669 | What is GSM | Global System for Mobile Communications | A mobile network standard widely used for cellular communication worldwide. |
| 670 | What is CDMA | Code Division Multiple Access | A technology used in telecommunications for secure and efficient mobile communication. |
| 671 | What is UCaaS | Unified Communications as a Service | A cloud-based system integrating communication tools like messaging, video, and calls. |
| 672 | What is MAN | Metropolitan Area Network | A network spanning a city or metropolitan area. |
| 673 | What is PAN | Personal Area Network | A small-scale network connecting devices like smartphones, laptops, and wearables. |
| 674 | What is SAN | Storage Area Network | A specialized network providing access to consolidated storage systems. |
| 675 | What is VLAN | Virtual Local Area Network | A network configuration that allows logical separation of devices within the same LAN. |
| 676 | What is VPNC | Virtual Private Network Consortium | An industry group working to promote and standardize VPN technologies. |
| 677 | What is OTT | Over-The-Top | Streaming media services delivered via the internet without traditional cable/satellite. |
| 678 | What is TLS | Transport Layer Security | An updated, secure protocol replacing SSL for safe internet communications. |
| 679 | What is SSH | Secure Shell | Provides secure access to networked devices and servers. |
| 680 | What is RDP | Remote Desktop Protocol | Allows remote access to computers over a network. |
| 681 | What is POP | Post Office Protocol | Used to retrieve emails from a remote server to a local client. |
| 682 | What is DNSSEC | Domain Name System Security Extensions | Adds security to DNS to prevent attacks like spoofing. |
| 683 | What is MFA | Multi-Factor Authentication | Security system requiring multiple verification methods for access. |
| 684 | What is JSON | JavaScript Object Notation | Lightweight data interchange format used in APIs and web applications. |
| 685 | What is XML | Extensible Markup Language | Standard for encoding structured data for transport and storage. |
| 686 | What is CSV | Comma-Separated Values | Simple text file format to store tabular data. |
| 687 | What is Python | Python Programming Language | High-level, versatile programming language used in web, AI, and automation. |
| 688 | What is Java | Java Programming Language | Widely-used object-oriented programming language for applications and web. |
| 689 | What is C | C Programming Language | A foundational programming language used in system and application software. |
| 690 | What is C++ | C Plus Plus | An extension of C with object-oriented programming features. |
| 691 | What is C# | C Sharp | Microsoft’s programming language used for Windows applications and web development. |
| 692 | What is R | R Programming Language | Language for statistical computing and data visualization. |
| 693 | What is MATLAB | Matrix Laboratory | A high-level language and environment for numerical computation and visualization. |
| 694 | What is AWS | Amazon Web Services | Cloud computing platform offering storage, computing, and networking solutions. |
| 695 | What is Azure | Microsoft Azure | Cloud computing platform providing infrastructure, platforms, and services. |
| 696 | What is GCP | Google Cloud Platform | Google’s cloud service offering computing, data storage, and AI solutions. |
| 697 | What is IBM Cloud | IBM Cloud | IBM’s platform providing cloud infrastructure and AI tools. |
| 698 | What is OCI | Oracle Cloud Infrastructure | Oracle’s cloud computing services for businesses and databases. |
| 699 | What is VoLTE | Voice over LTE | Technology that enables voice calls over 4G LTE networks for higher quality. |
| 700 | What is NCBI | National Center for Biotechnology Information | US resource for biomedical and genomic information. |
| 701 | What is CDC WONDER | Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research | US online public health database for epidemiology research. |
| 702 | What is UAV | Unmanned Aerial Vehicle | Drone used for surveillance, delivery, or research purposes. |
| 703 | What is UAS | Unmanned Aircraft System | UAV along with its ground control and communication systems. |
| 704 | What is IATA | International Air Transport Association | Trade association of the world’s airlines, setting industry standards. |
| 705 | What is ATC | Air Traffic Control | Service ensuring safe and orderly movement of aircraft. |
| 706 | What is ADS-B | Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast | Aircraft tracking technology used in modern air traffic systems. |
| 707 | What is HVAC | Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning | System for indoor climate control. |
| 708 | What is BMS | Building Management System | Automated control of building’s mechanical and electrical systems. |
| 709 | What is SCADA | Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition | Industrial control system for monitoring and managing processes. |
| 710 | What is PLC | Programmable Logic Controller | Industrial digital computer for automation of electromechanical processes. |
| 711 | What is BLE | Bluetooth Low Energy | Low-power wireless communication technology used in IoT devices. |
| 712 | What is LIDAR | Light Detection and Ranging | Remote sensing technology using lasers to measure distances. |
| 713 | What is RADAR | Radio Detection and Ranging | Technology that detects objects using radio waves. |
| 714 | What is SONAR | Sound Navigation and Ranging | Uses sound waves to detect underwater objects. |
| 715 | What is Fog Computing | Fog Computing | Extends cloud computing closer to devices for faster data processing. |
| 716 | What is P&L | Profit and Loss | Financial statement showing a company’s revenue and expenses. |
| 717 | What is B2B | Business to Business | Commercial transactions between businesses. |
| 718 | What is B2C | Business to Consumer | Business transactions directly with end consumers. |
| 719 | What is C2C | Consumer to Consumer | Platforms where consumers sell directly to other consumers. |
| 720 | What is D2C | Direct to Consumer | Brands selling products directly to consumers, bypassing intermediaries. |
| 721 | What is SaaP | Software as a Product | Traditional software sold as a licensed product rather than cloud-based. |
| 722 | What is SOC | Security Operations Center | Team monitoring and protecting organizational IT security. |
| 723 | What is DLP | Data Loss Prevention | Security strategy to prevent sensitive data leaks. |
| 724 | What is SSO | Single Sign-On | Authentication method allowing access to multiple applications with one login. |
| 725 | What is IAM | Identity and Access Management | Framework for managing digital identities and access rights. |
| 726 | What is ITIL | Information Technology Infrastructure Library | Framework for IT service management best practices. |
| 727 | What is COBIT | Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies | Framework for IT governance and management. |
| 728 | What is PMO | Project Management Office | Organizational unit defining project standards and governance. |
| 729 | What is PPI | Producer Price Index | Measure of average change in selling prices received by producers. |
| 730 | What is FPI | Foreign Portfolio Investment | Investment in foreign stocks or securities without direct control of business. |
| 731 | What is MNC | Multinational Corporation | Company operating in multiple countries with global presence. |
| 732 | What is SME | Small and Medium Enterprise | Business with limited revenue and employees compared to large corporations. |
| 733 | What is AIFF | Audio Interchange File Format | File format used for storing high-quality digital audio. |
| 734 | What is MIDI | Musical Instrument Digital Interface | Protocol for connecting electronic musical instruments and computers. |
| 735 | What is FPGA | Field Programmable Gate Array | Integrated circuit programmable for custom digital logic tasks. |
| 736 | What is ASIC | Application Specific Integrated Circuit | Customized chip designed for a particular application. |
| 737 | What is TPU | Tensor Processing Unit | AI accelerator chip designed for deep learning workloads. |
| 738 | What is NAS | Network-Attached Storage | Dedicated storage connected to a network for multiple users. |
| 739 | What is LoRa | Long Range | Low-power, long-range wireless protocol for IoT devices. |
| 740 | What is Sigfox | Sigfox Network | Global network connecting IoT devices using ultra-narrowband technology. |
| 741 | What is NB-IoT | Narrowband IoT | Cellular IoT standard for low-power, wide-area network connectivity. |
| 742 | What is 6LoWPAN | IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks | Protocol enabling small devices to communicate over the internet. |
| 743 | What is MQTT | Message Queuing Telemetry Transport | Lightweight messaging protocol for IoT and machine-to-machine communication. |
| 744 | What is CoAP | Constrained Application Protocol | Protocol for resource-constrained devices in IoT networks. |
| 745 | What is OPC UA | Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture | Standard for industrial automation data exchange. |
| 746 | What is CI/CD | Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment | Practices for automating code integration, testing, and deployment. |
| 747 | What is Jira | Jira Software | Tool for agile project management and issue tracking. |
| 748 | What is Trello | Trello Board | Visual project management tool using boards and cards. |
| 749 | What is Asana | Asana Platform | Team collaboration software for managing tasks and projects. |
| 750 | What is Slack | Slack Messaging Platform | Communication platform for teams with messaging and integrations. |
| 751 | What is Zoom | Zoom Video Conferencing | Online platform for video meetings, webinars, and collaboration. |
| 752 | What is Microsoft Teams | MS Teams Collaboration Tool | Platform for chat, video conferencing, and document collaboration. |
| 753 | What is Google Meet | Video Conferencing Tool | Google platform for online meetings and virtual collaboration. |
| 754 | What is WebEx | WebEx Video Platform | Online meeting and collaboration platform by Cisco. |
| 755 | What is Antivirus | Anti-Malware Software | Software protecting devices from viruses and malicious software. |
| 756 | What is PKI | Public Key Infrastructure | System for managing digital certificates and secure communications. |
| 757 | What is JWT | JSON Web Token | Token used for secure authentication between client and server. |
| 758 | What is OAuth | Open Authorization | Protocol allowing secure access to user resources without sharing passwords. |
| 759 | What is OpenID | OpenID Authentication | Standard for decentralized user authentication. |
| 760 | What is SAML | Security Assertion Markup Language | Protocol for exchanging authentication and authorization data. |
| 761 | What is LDAP | Lightweight Directory Access Protocol | Protocol for accessing and managing directory services. |
| 762 | What is HODL | Hold On for Dear Life | Crypto slang encouraging investors to hold assets long-term. |
| 763 | What is FOMO | Fear of Missing Out | Psychological trigger causing investors to make impulsive decisions. |
| 764 | What is FUD | Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt | Tactic to influence perception negatively, often in finance or crypto. |
| 765 | What is ATH | All-Time High | The highest price ever reached by an asset. |
| 766 | What is ATL | All-Time Low | The lowest price ever reached by an asset. |
| 767 | What is DEX | Decentralized Exchange | Cryptocurrency exchange operating without a central authority. |
| 768 | What is CEX | Centralized Exchange | Traditional cryptocurrency exchange controlled by a company. |
| 769 | What is FATF | Financial Action Task Force | Global organization combating money laundering and terrorist financing. |
| 770 | What is APR | Annual Percentage Rate | Yearly interest rate applied to loans or credit. |
| 771 | What is APY | Annual Percentage Yield | Annual rate of return on investments including compound interest. |
| 772 | What is FD | Fixed Deposit | Bank investment with a fixed interest rate over a set period. |
| 773 | What is P/E | Price to Earnings Ratio | Stock valuation metric comparing price per share to earnings per share. |
| 774 | What is VC | Venture Capital | Funding provided to startups with high growth potential. |
| 775 | What is PE | Private Equity | Investment in private companies or buyouts of public companies. |
| 776 | What is LP | Limited Partner | Investor in a private equity or venture capital fund with limited liability. |
| 777 | What is GP | General Partner | Manager of a venture capital or private equity fund responsible for decisions. |
| 778 | What is MRP | Material Requirements Planning | System for planning inventory, production, and procurement. |
| 779 | What is JIT | Just-In-Time | Inventory strategy reducing waste by receiving goods only when needed. |
| 780 | What is BPM | Business Process Management | Methodology to improve organizational workflows and efficiency. |
| 781 | What is TQM | Total Quality Management | Continuous improvement approach for organizational quality. |
| 782 | What is ASTM | American Society for Testing and Materials | Develops technical standards for materials and products. |
| 783 | What is EMA | European Medicines Agency | EU agency regulating medicines and medical products. |
| 784 | What is CBD | Convention on Biological Diversity | International treaty promoting biodiversity conservation. |
| 785 | What is ISO 45001 | Occupational Health & Safety Standard | Standard for occupational health and safety management. |
| 786 | What is LEED | Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design | Certification for green buildings. |
| 787 | What is BREEAM | Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method | Environmental assessment for sustainable buildings. |
| 788 | What is GRI | Global Reporting Initiative | Standards for sustainability and CSR reporting. |
| 789 | What is AI/ML Ops | AI/Machine Learning Operations | Practices to streamline deployment and management of AI models. |
| 790 | What is Edge Computing | Edge Computing | Processing data near the source instead of centralized servers. |
| 791 | What is Six Sigma | Six Sigma Methodology | Data-driven approach to eliminate defects and improve processes. |
| 792 | What is DMAIC | Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control | Core process improvement methodology of Six Sigma. |
| 793 | What is PDCA | Plan, Do, Check, Act | Iterative process for continuous improvement. |
| 794 | What is ROE | Return on Equity | Measures profitability relative to shareholders’ equity. |
| 795 | What is ROA | Return on Assets | Indicator of how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate profit. |
| 796 | What is FASB | Financial Accounting Standards Board | US organization establishing accounting standards. |
| 797 | What is FINRA | Financial Industry Regulatory Authority | US self-regulatory organization for brokerage firms. |
| 798 | What is CAPEX | Capital Expenditure | Funds used to acquire or upgrade physical assets. |
| 799 | What is OPEX | Operational Expenditure | Expenses for running day-to-day business operations. |
| 800 | What is CFO | Chief Financial Officer | Executive responsible for managing financial actions of a company. |
| 801 | What is CEO | Chief Executive Officer | Top executive responsible for overall management of a company. |
| 802 | What is COO | Chief Operating Officer | Executive overseeing daily business operations. |
| 803 | What is CMO | Chief Marketing Officer | Executive responsible for marketing strategy and initiatives. |
| 804 | What is CTO | Chief Technology Officer | Executive in charge of technology strategy and development. |
| 805 | What is CIO | Chief Information Officer | Executive responsible for information technology and systems. |
| 806 | What is CHRO | Chief Human Resources Officer | Executive in charge of HR strategies and workforce management. |
| 807 | What is CSO | Chief Strategy Officer | Executive responsible for strategic planning and business growth. |
| 808 | What is CRO | Chief Risk Officer | Executive managing risks, compliance, and governance. |
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